Published: 2025-07-01 19:03

【詳しく知る参議院選挙の争点】物価高の現状

7月20日投開票参議院選挙重要論点になるとみられる政策課題をお伝えする「争点ひとくちメモ」。

今回は「物価高現状は」です。

国内物価は、円安よって輸入コストが高止まりしていることに加え人件費や物流費などの増加もあって上昇が続いています。 天候による変動が大きい生鮮食品除い消費者物価指数上昇率は、2022年4月以降、2%以上の水準が続いています。

とりわけ最近は、コメの価格高騰伴っ関連する食品価格上昇していて、2024年12月以降2025年5月速報値まで、6か月連続で3%台の上昇率が続いています。 労働団体連合集計によりますと、ことしの春闘平均賃上げは2年連続で5%を超える水準維持していますが、物価変動分を反映した実質賃金は前の年の同じ月を下回る傾向が続いていて、物価上昇賃金伸び追いついていない状態です。 これに対し政府は、コメの価格高騰受け政府備蓄米活用安定供給図ることやガソリン価格を抑えるために定額補助する措置を5月下旬から始めるなど、物価高への対策強化しています。 参議院選挙では、家計負担軽減向けて各党が掲げている対策を、有権者がどのように評価するかが焦点となります。

# 言葉 意味
3 ぶっか (物価) : prices of commodities; prices (in general); cost-of-living
3 じょうしょう (上昇) : rising; ascending; climbing
3 かかく (価格) : price; value; cost
2 さんぎいんせんきょ (参議院選挙) : House of Councillors election
2 ぶっかだか (物価高) : high prices of commodities
2 へんどう (変動) : change; fluctuation
2 じょうしょうりつ (上昇率) : rate of increase (e.g. prices); rate of climb (e.g. aircraft)
2 いこう (以降) : on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
2 すいじゅん (水準) : 1. level; standard 2. water level
2 こうとう (高騰) : sudden price jump; steep price rise
2 れんぞく (連続) : continuation; succession; series
2 せいふ (政府) : government; administration
2 たいさく (対策) : measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy; preparation (e.g. for a test)
1 とうかいひょう (投開票) : casting and counting votes
1 じゅうよう (重要) : important; momentous; essential; principal; major
1 ろんてん (論点) : point in question (at issue)
1 せいさく (政策) : political measures; policy
1 かだい (課題) : 1. subject; theme; issue; matter 2. homework; assignment
1 つたえる (伝える) : to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath
1 そうてん (争点) : point at issue
1 ひとくち (一口) : 1. mouthful; morsel; bite 2. gulp; sip; draft; draught
1 こんかい (今回) : this time; now
1 げんじょう (現状) : present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
1 こくない (国内) : internal; domestic
1 えんやす (円安) : cheap yen
1 よる (因る) : 1. to be due to; to be caused by 2. to depend on; to turn on
1 たかどまり (高止まり) : continuing at a high level; remaining high
1 くわえる (加える) : 1. to add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex 2. to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to pick up
1 じんけんひ (人件費) : 1. personnel expenses; labor cost; labour cost 2. indirect labour costs; indirect labor costs
1 ぞうか (増加) : increase; rise; growth; addition; increment
1 てんこう (天候) : weather
1 せいせんしょくひん (生鮮食品) : perishable foods; perishables
1 のぞく (除く) : 1. to remove; to eliminate; to eradicate 2. to exclude; to except
1 しょうひしゃぶっかしすう (消費者物価指数) : consumer price index; CPI
1 とりわけ (取り分け) : 1. especially; above all 2. inter alia; among others
1 ともなう (伴う) : 1. to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon 2. to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with; to be involved in
1 かんれん (関連) : relation; connection; relevance
1 しょくひん (食品) : food; food products; foodstuffs
1 そくほうち (速報値) : preliminary figures (e.g. economic statistics); preliminary results
1 ろうどうだんたい (労働団体) : labor body; labour body; labor organization; labour organization; labor federation; labour federation
1 れんごう (連合) : 1. union; alliance; combination 2. RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
1 しゅうけい (集計) : totalization; totalisation; aggregation; tally (e.g. of votes); adding up; summing up
1 しゅんとう (春闘) : spring labor offensive; annual spring wage bargaining round
1 へいきん (平均) : 1. average; mean 2. balance; equilibrium
1 ちんあげ (賃上げ) : wage increase; pay rise
1 りつ (率) : rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
1 こえる (越える) : 1. to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond; to go past 2. to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
1 いじ (維持) : maintenance; preservation; improvement
1 はんえい (反映) : 1. reflection (light, image, situation, attitude, etc.); reflecting 2. influence; application (e.g. of an update)
1 じっしつちんぎん (実質賃金) : real wages
1 したまわる (下回る) : to fall below (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to be less than; to be lower than; to fall just short of; to be just under
1 けいこう (傾向) : tendency; trend; inclination
1 ちんぎん (賃金) : 1. wages; pay 2. rental payment
1 のび (伸び) : 1. growth; development 2. stretching (one's body, e.g. when waking up)
1 おいつく (追いつく) : 1. to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to reach 2. to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
1 じょうたい (状態) : state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
1 たいする (対する) : 1. to face (each other); to be facing 2. to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to be related to
1 うける (受ける) : 1. to receive; to get 2. to catch (e.g. a ball)
1 びちくまい (備蓄米) : stockpile rice (kept by the government to use as emergency provisions); reserved rice
1 かつよう (活用) : 1. practical use; application 2. conjugation; inflection
1 あんてい (安定) : stability; steadiness; equilibrium
1 きょうきゅう (供給) : supply; provision
1 はかる (図る) : 1. to plan; to attempt; to devise 2. to plot; to conspire; to scheme
1 おさえる (抑える) : 1. to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to curb; to hold in check 2. to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb; to contain; to quell; to subdue; to suppress; to repress
1 ていがく (定額) : ration; fixed amount
1 ほじょ (補助) : 1. assistance; support; aid; help 2. subsidy; supplement; subvention; grant-in-aid
1 そち (措置) : measure; step; action
1 げじゅん (下旬) : last third of a month; 21st to the last day of a month
1 きょうか (強化) : strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
1 かけい (家計) : household economy; family finances
1 ふたんけいげん (負担軽減) : burden reduction; alleviation of a burden
1 むける (向ける) : to turn towards; to point
1 かかげる (掲げる) : 1. to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to fly (e.g. a flag); to hoist; to raise; to display 2. to hold up high; to raise overhead
1 ゆうけんしゃ (有権者) : 1. (eligible) voter; elector; constituent; the electorate 2. holder of a right; rightsholder; right holder
1 ひょうか (評価) : 1. valuation; appraisal; evaluation; assessment; estimation; rating; judging 2. appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement; rating highly; praising
1 しょうてん (焦点) : focus (e.g. photographic); focal point